Time is money - tax simplification for small business

NZICA has released the second instalment of its thought leadership paper Simplifying the Taxation of Small Business in New Zealand.

The tax system is all about balance between minimising compliance costs and maximising revenue. But with much tinkering over time it has become overly complex, says NZICA Tax Director Craig Macalister CA.

“We propose a rule of one for small business. No more than one hour, one return and one payment each month for income tax and GST compliance.

“By our calculation, that’s thousands of hours freed up from compliance to focus on what small business owners do best. We also don’t believe Inland Revenue has anything to fear,” says Macalister.

We believe there is value in decoupling the system for small businesses from the system that applies for New Zealand’s larger, more complex businesses. A simplification of rules would create an environment that is more conducive to business growth and productivity. 

It’s NZICA’s view that if the GST base could be used as a basis for calculating and paying income tax, then income tax compliance costs will be largely absorbed into existing GST compliance costs.

The proposals in the paper are two-fold: a turnover tax model for micro businesses (not GST registered and no staff), and a system based on GST for small businesses (turnover less than $600,000).

“This paper is about presenting a constructive thought piece to government and business. We are very aware that the proposals in the paper cut across established income tax accounting – but we believe that this is necessary in order to deliver simplicity to small business owners. 

“Similarly, we recognise that the ideas presented in the paper may generate less tax compliance and related work for our members. We are however strong advocates for freeing up chartered accountants to spend more time doing what they do best: focusing on adding value to businesses to help development and growth,” says  Macalister.

Summary of proposals

Micro business tax

A business with no employees, turnover of less than $60,000 and unregistered for GST.

 

  • A final income tax rate of 14% for businesses that are not traders and 7% for businesses that trade in goods (such as retailers) will be paid on business turnover.
  • Tax payments will be made monthly or at any time.
  • No filing of returns.
  • The micro tax of 14% and 7% includes a component for Accident Compensation Corporation levies.
  • Income for the purposes of social policy commitments (child support, student loans and working for families tax credits) is 50% of gross income.
  • The income will be transferred to the taxpayer’s summary of earnings and no further income tax on this business income will be payable.

Small business tax

A business with turnover of less than $600,000, GST registered and may have employees.

 

  • Income tax will be calculated on a cash basis on the GST return and will be essentially a final tax.
  • Small businesses that trade through a company or partnership will be taxed analogously to a sole trader by taxing the entity based on the personal marginal tax rate structure.
  • Transactions, such as dividends and salaries, between the business entity and its owners are eliminated, as is the need to maintain an imputation credit account.
  • Income tax and GST will be calculated and paid two monthly.
  • Trading stock and plant equipment purchases are deducted on a cash basis.
  • No provisional tax, no fringe benefit tax and no entertainment tax apply.
  • There are no balance date and square up issues such as stocktakes.

For a copy of the paper see our tax page.

 

Foreword from Simplifying the Taxation of Small Business in NZ

 

Richard Austin FCA,
President,
New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants

This paper has been prepared by the New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants as a means of showing thought leadership in an area that is often talked about, but in which meaningful results are rarely achieved – lowering small business tax compliance costs.

NZICA recognises that in order for New Zealand to prosper, our small business sector must prosper. Lowering tax compliance costs for small business plays a part in encouraging prosperity, as tax compliance costs can be a significant burden on our small business sector, and are not, on the whole, seen as value enhancing.

NZICA’s vision in providing thought leadership on this issue is twofold. First, to help create a low tax compliance cost environment for small business, with the aim of encouraging growth and productivity within our small business sector; and second, reducing reliance on the accounting profession for tax compliance work.

 

A much simplified tax compliance environment creates opportunities for Chartered Accountants to provide a broader range of higher-value services to their small business clients, assisting them in reaching their goals.

This is not altogether an altruistic pursuit. NZICA recognises that the better off New Zealand businesses become, the more opportunities this creates for the accounting profession.

Providing thought leadership in this area underscores the commitment of NZICA and its members to focus on providing services of the highest possible quality and value to their clients. Importantly also, it demonstrates NZICA’s commitment to acting in the public interest.

NZICA accepts that the ideas presented in this paper are a little unconventional. However, the existing business tax rules for small business have been revised may times with a view to simplification, yet still fail to deliver a low compliance cost outcome. Also, thought leadership should challenge conventional thinking and stimulate debate.

In encouraging awareness and discussion, NZICA hopes to promote momentum towards a tax system that has tax compliance costs that are not disproportionate to business size. For a country comprised of small businesses, this should be a quality of our tax system that we aspire to.

I hope that this work contributes to the thinking that needs to be undertaken around the different approaches to taxing small businesses, and that it will ultimately lead to a friendlier tax environment for our small business clients.

 

 

Member response

The proposals in Simplifying the Taxation of Small Business in New Zealand have drawn a mixed response from members. 

  

Of

ficial feedback was being compiled as the Journal went to print, but the flavours of opinion can be discerned from the lively discussion underway in the “Members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants” group section of LinkedIn.

Comments under the topic “Simplifying the NZ tax system document number two – become informed it will effect your future” include: 

   

“…the relationship between the CA and the small client is about more than just tax compliance, and this is not addressed in the proposal very well.”

“The proposals seem to me like more tinkering and modifying. I agree with the concept of simplifying but if the Institute really wants to do something about it then we should go back to the beginning and effectively rewrite the tax rules from scratch. Remove all loopholes and exemptions and have a balanced, trustworthy tax system.”

“I believe importing parallel tax systems for different taxpayers is complicating the tax system rather than simplifying it. Although it may provide plenty of tax planning opportunities (smiley face here).”

“But of course there are also a lot more questions: What becomes of the IR10 statistical return and? How will Look Through Companies be administered? When will be the implementation date for March balance dates? 

"Just how much extra work is this going to create for bookkeepers, accountants every two months when it comes time to file the GST/income tax combo? Etc.”

 

“Another interesting impact this proposal will have is of course on how the modern accountancy practice servicing small-to-medium sized business clients will be made up from a human resource point of view. Once the proposal is in place, is it possible there is going to be substantial change in the wind for business advisory staff and the decisions of those recruiting them?”

“It is hard enough to get clients to maintain good records already, let alone introduce good governance practices, which is where, as an accountant you can add value. This document will only encourage an even more lackadaisical approach to business management at time when the government is trying to improve governance standards.”

“To have a tax, or other regimes in place, a key element of which is to protect the income of any sector of the economy, including Chartered Accountants, to me seems unprofessional and perhaps, or probably, unethical.”

Press response

Simplifying the Taxation of Small Business in New Zealand attracted wide interest across all media.

N

ZICA Chief Executive Terry McLaughlin FCA went live on Breakfast television, radio and daily newspapers reported the launch, as did news and business websites.

The media have by and large responded positively, and correctly treated the proposals as thought leadership rather than policy prescriptions.

Soundbites include:

 

The government is focussed on supporting business to grow and will continue to look for opportunities to reduce compliance costs. – Revenue Minister Peter Dunne, “Govt to consider simpler tax rules”, NZ Herald, 17 May

 

The goal is to strip out the complexity from the tax rules and free small business to be more productive. – “Tax plan aimed at black-market cash”, Manawatu Standard, 17 May

There are always solutions; it just depends on the government’s commitment to simplify life for small business. – “Government pays lip service to tax plan”, stuff.co.nz, 22 May

Revenue Minister Peter Dunne today thanked the New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants (NZICA) for its contribution to the wider discussion on simplifying tax for small and medium sized businesses in New Zealand. – “Dunne: chartered accountants’ contribution welcomed”, Scoop, 16 May

The burden of tax returns is a regular complaint from small business owners and the NZ Institute of Chartered Accountants has some ideas for how to change that. – “Tax for small business”, TVNZ Breakfast, 16 May

The Institute of Chartered Accountants says it shouldn’t take a small firm any more than one hour to do its return and pay all its tax every month” – “Call to simplify tax system for smaller businesses”, Radio NZ morning news, 17 May

Not only does the present system deter people from starting their own business, it is also likely that complexity discourages compliance. The NZ Institute of Chartered Accountants (NZICA) is proposing some radical solutions aimed at separating out this group for a very simplified approach, significantly different to what is required for larger businesses. – “Accounting body working to radically simplify tax returns for small businesses; aiming for tax returns that take one hour per month”, Interest.co.nz, 16 May

The proposal has been controversial with some members – as it would eliminate the basic accountancy needs of businesses. But the industry needs to keep up with the times as accounting processes become more computerized and automated generally.” – “Proposed tax changes could put accountants out of basic business”, NBR, 18 May

SME plan commentary


We asked five people with an interest in Simplifying the Taxation of Small Business in New Zealand for their views of the proposal.

 


Timely discussion

“This paper needs to be seen in context, not in isolation,” says Paul Dunne CA, Chair of NZICA’s Tax Advisory Group and National Managing Partner for Tax at KPMG.

“Financial reporting standards are changing, tax laws are changing, technology is changing and Inland Revenue systems are changing.  The Tax Advisory Group has been thinking about this context and about how NZICA can contribute to the development of the system.”

The proposals are a result of reviewing how the tax burden for small business could be lessened, and how chartered accountants could help small business growth.

“Feedback from business on the proposals has been generally positive.”

Dunne says this latest version of the paper includes changes driven by member feedback. 

“For example, we introduced the concept of a ‘health check’ for business which we think will be good for SMEs, CAs and IR. And we recognise that with more discussion the proposals will be refined further.

“The world is changing. CAs need to focus on what services they can contribute to business alongside tax compliance work. Business compliance will remain important, but an equally important role is to add value and help businesses reach their economic goals.”

 

 

Small business welcomes proposal

Jo Keall CA is Director of Mum 2 Mum Ltd, a company that designs and manufactures practical, stylish baby products.

She says as a business owner, the SME tax proposal has a lot of merit. 

“Income tax will be able to be paid ‘real-time’ and not based on an estimated year end result. This will help any small business, especially those in high growth or with seasonal peaks in turnover,” Keal says. 

She also believes it will simplify things.

“If you are a small business earning under $600,000, you may not need a full set of financial statements prepared at the end of the financial year. This information may not benefit you, especially if it is prepared 6-8 months after balance date.”

Keall says the proposal has been designed to make life easier for business owners so they can get on with the job of running their business. 

Chartered accountants need to see the positives that could come from this proposal, Keall says. 

“How can they help their clients benefit from these changes? What are they doing to add value to their clients businesses? Are they delivering what their small business customers need?”

She believes there is the potential to have more regular and timely reviews with clients that link in with the two monthly returns.  “The benefits are there for both the chartered accountant and the business owner. It can be a win-win with the right approach.”

 

 

Concerns of a public practitioner

Doug Campbell CA, Director, Campbell Thompson Ltd, is concerned about the practical implications of the proposals.

Many small businesses fall over within the first three years, and the proposals raise the prospect of those businesses having had little or no contact with a chartered accountant, Campbell says.

“I hate dealing with people whose business is falling over when it is the first time I see them.

“I don’t think that fits in with NZICA’s message that ‘business does better with a CA’. We are telling people we don’t want to see them until they earn over 60k.” 

 

He warns people may revert to a barter system to keep themselves under the $60k level.

“The $600,000 level is fine, although I don’t know of there has been a lot of thought on how people transition from one level to another.”

At a basic level, it will be impossible to compile accounts with comparative figures for a business that has just moved into the higher level as they will not have previous annual accounts to compare with, he says. 

“A small percentage of members have got their noses out of joint – looking at it from a dollar perspective and the money that may be stripped out of accounting firms. A lot of CAs in public practice, especially in provincial regions, will look seriously at their membership. This is a threat to their livelihoods and their clients’ livelihoods.”

Campbell expects the governments to pick “bits and pieces” from the proposals and for these to resurface in the run up to the next election.

 

 

An architect’s vision

Ian Kuperus CA’s business Tax Management NZ Ltd helped initiate the SME tax proposal project. The process began in 2009 when Kuperus was a member of the Tax Committee, which was concerned it was being too reactive, rather than positive and proactive.

“There was a need for us to use our expertise to make a positive change in New Zealand’s business environment.”

Kuperus says there has been a huge growth in tax legislation over the past 20 years which has increased the complexity of the tax landscape.

“But the same legislation applies to multi-nationals as to the builder who wants to start up his own business,” he says.

The impetus for the initiative was two-fold.

“Firstly, there was concern for the creeping tax compliance burden on SMEs, but also there was a committee with experience and expertise that needed to make a positive contribution to the tax landscape.”

Kuperus says a cornerstone of this proposal is the concept of one tax return a month, one payment a month and one hour a month spent on tax compliance work by business people.

He describes the proposal as a leadership piece with an element of public interest –  putting small and medium business first.

“This report is a think piece and provides a platform for CAs to put forward suggestions and ideas and enter into discussion and debate.”

As such, it gives chartered accountants the opportunity to think about their clients, and potential clients, and how they can help them thrive.

 

 

Changing landscape

Matthew Bellingham, Hayes Knight Director and Chair of NZICA’s Public Practice Advisory Group, supports the proposals but recognises there will be those among his public practice colleagues who take a different view.

“Personally, I am in favour of tax simplification and would like to see changes to the way we tax businesses so that entrepreneurs can spend more time and investment getting their business off the ground and less time worrying about tax compliance,” Bellingham says.

“I am aware of the concerns of some practitioners that NZICA is promoting a document which suggests that a significant portion of their traditional sources of revenue should reduce, or even be eliminated. 

“Whilst I accept that reducing compliance may impact on some practitioners, I believe that our landscape is changing anyway, and I doubt that this one document will be the event that causes significant change to our business models.”

Bellingham believes NZICA should stay on the front foot in a changing environment.

“Through producing thought leadership documents such as these we gain credibility with the general market and with government. In any event, we have several competitors in this marketplace that are not members of NZICA and who do not comply with our high standards, hence we hardly have a level playing field anyway.”

Changes that were made after the first round of consultation, including reducing the turnover threshold and introducing the health check, will ensure that there is plenty of work for practitioners to do, he says.

“One thing that is for certain is that business models need to change and evolve with changing environments, and our model is no different. Accountants are uniquely placed to offer advisory services due to our training – we should try to expand our services to assist our clients should we see a reduction in traditional revenue streams.” 

June 2012